The aim of the study was to evaluate the fatty acids profile and the nutritional quality of buffaloes milk fed with natural pasture and supplemented with a mixture of sunflower and fish oils. Eight multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes were supplemented with 300 ml/day of a mixture of sunflower and fish oils (210 and 90 ml, respectively) mixed with ground corn, during 60 days. Milk samples were taken on day 0, 24 and 60 and analyzed for fatty acids profile by gas chromatography. The lipid supplementation during 24 days induced a significant increase of the concentrations of rumenic, vaccenic and α-linolenic acids in 398, 420 and 29%, respectively. Basal concentrations of saturated fatty acids decreased 26%, the drops of the lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic acids were 45, 49, 22 and 33%, respectively. The lipid supplementation during 60 days significantly reduced (p=0,0089) the rumenic acid, when compared to day 24. With regard to the nutritional quality of the fat, the supplementation with the oil-blend during 24 days significantly decrease the basal atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) indexes (p<0.0001), increased the basal hypocholesteromic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (h/H) (p=0.0008) and did not change the ω6/ω3 relationship (p=0,2443). After 60 days AI, TI and Rh/H significantly increased (p=0.0159, 0.0016 and 0,0301, respectively) when compared to day 24. We conclude that by the lipid supplementation a bubalin milk with a fatty acids profile more suitable for human consumption is obtained, with lower contents of saturated fatty acids and elevated tenors of unsaturated fatty acids. Such changes in the fatty acids profile were accompanied by reduced atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes, and increase in the h/H relationship. However, the high levels of vaccenic and rumenic acids in milk declined with the prolonged supplementation and were accompanied by an increase in the AI and TI.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el perfil de ácidos grasos (AG) y la calidad nutricional de la leche de búfalas suplementadas con aceites de girasol y pescado. Ocho búfalas de raza Mediterránea fueron suplementadas con 300 ml/día de una mezcla de aceites de girasol y pescado (210 y 90 ml, respectivamente), durante 60 días. Se tomaron muestras de leche los días 0, 24 y 60 y se analizó el perfil de AG mediante cromatografía gaseosa. La suplementación durante 24 días indujo un significativo aumento de las concentraciones de ácidos ruménico, vaccénico y α-linolénico en 398, 420 y 29%, respectivamente. Las concentraciones de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS) se redujeron 26%; la reducción de los ácidos láurico, mirístico, palmítico y esteárico fue del 45, 49, 22 y 33%, respectivamente. La suplementación lipídica de 60 días redujo de manera significativa (p=0,0089) las concentraciones de ácido ruménico, cuando se comparó con el día 24. En cuanto a los índices de calidad de la grasa, la suplementación con aceites durante 24 días redujo los índices basales de aterogenicidad (IA) y trombogenicidad (IT) (p<0,0001), aumentó la relación basal de AG hipo/hipercolesterolémicos (h/H) (p=0,0008) y no modificó la relación ω6/ω3 (p=0,2443). Luego de 60 días de suplementación IA, IT y Rh/H aumentaron de manera significativa (p=0,0159, 0,0016 y 0,0301 respectivamente) cuando se compararon con el día 24. Se concluye que la suplementación ensayada produjo una leche con un perfil de AG más adecuada para el consumo humano, con menor contenido de AGS y tenores elevados de ácidos grasos insaturados (vaccénico, rumémico y α-linolénico). Los cambios del perfil de AG fueron acompañados con IA e IT reducidos, e incremento en la relación h/H. Sin embargo, los altos niveles de ácido ruménico y vaccénico declinaron con la suplementación prolongada, al mismo tiempo que aumentaron IA e IT

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar as mudanças no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de búfalas leiteiras recebendo baixas (B, 276g/d) ou altas (A, 572g/d) doses de uma mistura de óleos de soja e linhaça (70:30, peso/peso) na dieta. Quatorze búfalas multíparas da raça Mediterrânea, mantidas em pastagens nativas, receberam 4kg/dia de um concentrado comercial sem adição de óleo (pré-tratamento) ao longo de umperíodopré-experimental de 10 dias. A produção de leiteindividual e amostras de leite foram coletadas individualmente para determinação dos valores basais de composição e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite nos últimos trêsdias. Após este período, os animais receberam o mesmo concentrado adicionado deBou Apor 26 dias. A produção de leite (g/animal/dia) não diferiu no início (1776 ± 522 e 1662 ± 291para B e A, respectivamente (P<0,622) e no final do período experimental(4590 ±991e4847 ± 447 para LeH, respectivamente, P<0,543). O teor de gordura do leite (g/100g) apresentou valores médios de 77,1(±20,5)paraBe74,3 (±9,9)paraA(P<0,10) durante o período pré-tratamento,mas foi reduzido (P<0,03) após o fornecimento das dietas com óleo para 60,7 (± 23,6) e 49,4 (± 11,2), respectivamente para B e A, não havendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,277). Os teores basais de proteína do leite (B=43,2 ± 3,4 e A=44,3 ± 6,9g/kg) aumentaram após a suplementação com óleo (P<0,0001) em ambos B (73,2 ± 6,0g/kg) e A (68,4 ± 4,9g/kg), não ocorrendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,123). O teor médio basal de 14:0 na gordura do leite (4,76g/100g AG) foi reduzido após a suplementação da dieta com óleo somente no tratamento A (5,29 para 4,03, P<0,007). O teor de 16:0 na gordura do leite foi reduzido (P<0,001) nos tratamentos B (24,49 para 19,75g/100g AG) e A (25,92 para 19,17g/100g AG). A redução nos teores de 12:0+14:0+16:0 na gordura do leite foi maior (P<0,052) em A (32,02 para 23,93g/100g AG) do que em B (30,17 para 25,45g/100g AG). O teor de ácido vacênico (AV) na gordura do leite aumentou (P<0,001) de 5,70 para 13,24g/100g AG em B e de 5,25 para 16,77 em A, resultando em maior teor de AV neste último (P<0,001). O teor basal de ácido rumênico aumentou expressivamente (P<0,001) em B (1,80 para 4,09g/100g AG, +127%) e A (1,60 para 4,61g/100g AG, +187%), não havendo diferenças entre tratamentos (P<0,19). No geral, estes resultados indicam uma melhora pronunciada no valor nutricional da gordura do leite de búfalas a pasto recebendo pequenas quantidades (0,276g/dia) de uma mistura de óleos de soja e linhaça na dieta.

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between L and H (P<0.19). Overall, these results indicate a pronounced improvement in the nutritional value of milk fat from grazing buffaloes fed little amounts (0.276g/day) of a blend of soybean and linseed oils.

The buffalo began to be introduced to the country in the early twentieth century, by importing Mediterranean, Murrah and Jafarabadi breeds. Today buffalo population reached 87.711 heads, which are distributed in 20 out of the 23 provinces that conforms the country. The 80% of the population of buffaloes is found in northeastern region, being the provinces of Formosa and Corrientes those with the largest buffalo population. The country has 8 million hectares suitable to withstand a load of 4 million buffaloes.

El búfalo comenzó a ser introducido en Argentina a comienzos del siglo XX, mediante la importación de razas Mediterránea, Murrah y Jafarabadi. En la actualidad la población bubalina es de 87.711 cabezas, distribuidas en 20 de las 23 provincias que componen el territorio nacional. El 80% de la población de búfalos se encuentra en el nordeste argentino, siendo las provincias de Formosa y Corrientes las que cuentan con las mayores densidades poblacionales. En el país existen 8 millones de hectáreas aptas para soportar una carga de 4 millones de búfalos.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fish oil as dietary supplement on CLA and Ω6 and Ω3 fatty acids on both intramuscular lipids (IM) and layer fat (LF) in buffaloes. Twenty animals were randomly divided into two groups, fed on Brachiaria brizantha, 3 kg rice bran, 500 g corn and 500 g sunflower pellets for 60 days. Group I only received this diet while in group II each animal received the diet plus 100 ml fish oil every day. Results (in mg/g fat) indicated a decrease of palmitic acid in group II (189.05) in relation to group I (206.97) in IM and in the group II (259.72) in relation to group I (280.84) in LF. In IM, the CLA content of group II (17.09) showed an increase compared to group I (11.56). In LF the CLA content in group II (16.80) showed an increase in relation to group I (11.75). In IM the linoleic acid (18:2 n6) content of group II (23.45) decreased in relation to group I (38.19) and LF in the group II (13.21) increased slightly in relation to group I (12.71). In IM alfa linolenic acid (18:3 n3) content of groups I and II was very similar (8.37 and 8.69 respectively) and in LF was of 4.70 and 6.05 respectively. In IM of group II Ω6/Ω3 ratio was narrower (2.69:1) than in group I (4.55:1). Fish oil supplementation caused decrease of linoleic acid, improving the Ω6/Ω3 relationship. Furthermore, it caused a slight decrease of palmitic acid and slight increase of CLA.

El objetivo fue investigar la influencia de la suplementación dietaria de búfalos con aceite de pescado sobre el ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC) y los ácidos grasos Ω6 y Ω3 en lípidos intramusculares (IM) y grasa de cobertura (GC). Se emplearon veinte animales divididos en dos grupos alimentados sobre Brachiaria brizantha y suplementados con 3 kg de afrecho de arroz, 500 g de maíz y 500 g de pellet de girasol, durante 60 días. El grupo I se mantuvo con esta dieta, el II recibió adicionalmente 100 ml/día de aceite de pescado por animal. Los resultados (expresados en mg/g grasa) indicaron una disminución de ácido palmítico en IM y GC del grupo II (189,05) vs grupo I (206,97) y en II (259,72) vs I (280,84) respectivamente. El ALC se incrementó levemente en IM y GC del grupo II (17,09) vs I (11,56) y en el II (16,80) vs I (11,75) respectivamente. El ácido linoleico (18:2 n6) en IM del grupo II (23,45) disminuyó en relación con el I (38,19) y en GC del grupo II (13,21) se incrementó levemente con relación al I (12,71). El ácido alfa linolénico (18:3 n3) en IM de grupos I y II fue similar (8,37 y 8,69), en cambio el contenido de dicho ácido en GC fue menor en el grupo I (4,70) comparado con el grupo II (6,05). La relación Ω6/Ω3 en IM y GC fue más estrecha en el grupo II (2,69:1) y (2,18:1) con relación al grupo I (4,55:1) y I (2,70:1) respectivamente. La suplementación con aceite de pescado produjo disminución del ácido linoleico, mejorando la relación entre Ω6/Ω3. Además causó una leve disminución de los valores de ácido palmítico y un pequeño aumento de ALC.

Estudou-se a influência da suplementação com óleo de peixe sobre a concentração dos ácidos graxos ômega 6 e 3, mostrado no leite de búfala. Foram utilizadas 24 búfalas aleatoriamente selecionadas e distribuídas em três grupos e alimentados com pastagem natural por 49 dias com: nenhum suplemento (grupo I), suplementado com 70mL de óleo de peixe (grupo II) e com 140mL de óleo de peixe (grupo III). A concentração de CLA diferiu (P<0,05) entre os três grupos, com valores máxima de até 7,14mg/g de gordura no grupo II. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para os ácidos graxos omega 6, sendo o maior valor de 3,82mg/g de gordura no grupo I. Foi observada diferença significativa quanto aos ácidos graxos ômega 3 (P<0,05) nos grupos II e III em relação ao grupo I. O mais elevado valor, 2,42mg/g de gordura foi observado no grupo III. A relação ômega 6/3 mais estreita, 1,37:1, foi observada no grupo III. Os resultados mostram que os animais dos grupos II e III que receberam suplementação de óleo de peixe aumentou significativamente o teor de CLA e de omega 3, com diminuição de omega 6.

The aim of this research work was to investigate the influence of fish oil supplementation on the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and omega 6 and 3 in samples of buffalo milk. A total of 24 female buffaloes separated at random into three groups were fed for 49 days with: natural pasture (group I), supplemented with 70mL of fish oil (group II) and 140mL of fish oil (group III). In the experiment the concentration of CLA showed differences (P<0.05) among the three groups, with a maximum of 7.14mg/g fat in group II. No significant differences were found in omega-6 among the three groups. The highest value of 3.82mg/g fat corresponded to group I, whicht had not been supplemented with fish oil. Significant differences were observed in omega 3 (P<0.05) in groups II and III with respect to group I. The highest average value of 2.42mg/g fat was obtained in group III. The closest relationship omega 6/3 (1.37:1) was observed in group III. As a result, the diets of groups II and III, which included fish oil, increased significantly the content of CLA and omega 3 with reductions in levels of omega 6.